Este artículo intenta elucubrar acerca del asunto del tiempo en el espacio digital, entendido como el conjunto espacial virtual por medio del cual interactuamos online, por medio de una breve síntesis de las diferentes elaboraciones del concepto de tiempo y su transición en las diversas culturas y especies, se describe en primer ugar, el espacio digital como otro espacio, a relacionar con la experiencia estética, en donde el ser humano se desvincula del espacio físico real en el que habita, por medio de algoritmos en evolución y se desmaterializa el cuerpo físico, los lugares, los objetos, etc. En un espacio que muta y que tiene características particulares, con medidas, peso y formas de habitarlo, entre otras características propias, que abren la posibilidad de replantear también la métrica del tiempo que allí transcurre, y que es intransferible al mundo físico.
The delimitation of burned areas is an important step for the study of forest fires, and the use of satellite remote sensing allows a scalable methodology. Previous studies use a dNBR threshold to determine the presence of burned areas, but this threshold is affected by vegetation variability determined by the geography of the study area and land use coverage. For them, the difference in the normalized index of burned areas (dNBR) was used to study the mega fires that affected the central zone of Chile in the summer of 2017. An automated methodology was developed that, based on satellite images and polygons of the burned areas provided by the National Forestry Corporation of Chile (CONAF) generates a set of dNBR thresholds differentiated by administrative region and land use. The application of differentiated dNBR thresholds significantly improves the accuracy of the burnt area delimitation model, although it does not achieve satisfactory results for all land uses. This methodological advance will make it possible to improve the design and control of policies for the prevention, conservation and restoration of ecosystems affected by forest fires.
As demographic growth and climate change effects increase, agriculture intensifies its pressure on the natural ecosystems from which life on Earth depends. In recent years, novel designs and resource-efficient manufacturing methods have been studied to alleviate the impact of food production, many of them incorporating farms into the urban context. However, farming in freshwater bodies remains largely unexplored and constitutes a great opportunity for innovation when land is scarce. Physical requirements for floating farming demand water barrier, solid, inert, and food-grade material with sufficient natural light transmittance, and lightweight, large-scale, complex-shaped components. Therefore, Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is presented in this paper as an ideal material for the fabrication of deployable floating farm modules, and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is selected as the most appropriate manufacturing process for the required geometries. Today, recycled polymers in 3D Printing have progressed as a more sustainable feed for small-scale applications. However, there are limited built examples of Additive Manufacturing (AM) using recycled polymers in large-scale real-life applications. This project explores digital designs and fabrication approaches to large-scale manufacturing using PET obtained from single-use bottles to produce empirical prototypes tested in real-life conditions. The research prompted the digital design of a one-meter diameter translucent dome and a flotation platform, their fabrication using large-scale FDM, the assembly of the printed elements, and the monitoring of the farming module performance during operation. The paper covers the state of the art of related 3D printing technologies and their application in food production devices, details the design process of the floating module, explains the selected printing processes and interfacing strategies, and discusses the empirical evidence on the benefits and drawbacks of large-scale AM applied to the cultivation of food. Overall, the research demonstrates the possibilities of 3d Printing using recycled polymers, adding novel insights from a fully-functional project to the incipient body of research on digital manufacturing in food production.
Automated fibre placement (AFP) is an advanced manufacturing process with a built-in heat and pressure system, an effective method for in situ consolidation of composite parts. In the present study, carbon fibre PA-6 prepregs were laminated by an IR-assisted AFP system, and the effect of process parameters on the resulting part quality was studied. Of the six fundamental process parameters, two parameters, i.e., laying speed and IR power were identified to be critical. Hence, the current study is focussed on the optimization of these two parameters while keeping the others constant. Three different combinations of IR power and laying speed were deduced to be optimised parameters for the material system used. In general, the laying speed should be increased along with the appropriate increase in IR power. Through visual and microstructural inspection, the laminate manufactured with these optimised parameters were found to have fewer defects and better consolidation when compared with samples manufactured with unoptimised combinations.
Velu, R., Vaheed, N., Krishnan, M., Raspall, F. (2020). Evaluation of engineering high performance thermoplastics for robot‐based 3D printing mould: a critical perspective to support Automated fibre placement process. Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology.
Hassani, V., Khabazi, Z., Raspall, F., Banon, C., & Rosen, D. (2019). Form-Finding and Structural Shape Optimization of the Metal 3D-Printed Multi-Branch Node with Complex Geometry. Proceedings of CAD’19. https://doi.org/10.14733/cadconfp.2019.24-28
Velu, R., Calais, T., Jayakumar, A., & Raspall, F. (2019). A comprehensive review on Bio-Nanomaterials for medical implants and feasibility studies on fabrication of such implants by additive manufacturing technique. Materials, 13(1), 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010092
